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Item AMAP/CAFF Workshop on Climate Change, Rovaniemi, 24-25 March 1998(CAFF International Secretariat, Iceland / AMAP Secretariat, Norway., 1998) Holten, Jarle I.; Baldursson, Snorri; Reiersen, Lars-OttoCAFF/AMAP Workshop on Climate Change: Rovaniemi, Finland: March 24-25, 1998 was held in response to the Ministerial request to AMAP to continue activities for monitoring, data collection, exchange of data on the impacts and assessment of the effects of contaminants and their pathways, increased UVB radition and climate change on Arctic ecosystems. AMAP invited CAFF to join the workshop so that the two programs could jointly discuss the potential impacts of climate change on the Arctic and provide holistic recommendations to the Arctic Council. This report provides a summary of the plenary and a synthesis of the working group results.Item Guidelines for laboratories producing data for AMAP Human Health Studies - Version 1.0 May 2009.(Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), 2009-05-15) Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)"AMAP's current objective is "providing reliable and sufficient information on the status of, and threats to, the Arctic environment, and providing scientific advice on actions to be taken in order to support Arctic governments in their efforts to take remedial and preventive actions relating to contaminants" (AMAP, 2008). Long-term monitoring and trend analysis of contaminant levels in Arctic populations is a crucial component of this objective. Blood is the medium of choice for biological monitoring of contaminants as it accurately reflects the body burden of metals as well as organic contaminants, and is universally available from all members of a population. For lipophilic compounds, which include most POPs, blood levels, expressed on a lipid basis, are well-correlated with levels in other compartments such as stored fat and breast milk. To ensure the comparability of data obtained from different countries requires that adequately sampled and preserved blood specimens be obtained. Laboratories performing the analyses must demonstrate equivalence of results. Data generated must be analyzed using equivalent statistical design and conventions." /.../Item Updating Historical Global Inventories of Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions to Air. AMAP Technical Report No. 3 (2010).(Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), 2010-09-01) Wilson, S.; Munthe, J.; Sundseth, K.; Maxson, P.; Kindbom, K.; Pacyna, J.; Steenhuisen, F.Atmospheric emissions of mercury (Hg) occur during burning of fossil fuels (in particular coal) for energy production; during the manufacture of industrial products (such as non-ferrous metals, and cement); and from the use of mercury in a range of applications (including artisanal and small scale gold mining, and dentistry) and consumer products, and their subsequent disposal as waste. Mercury is also emitted to the atmosphere from non-anthropogenic sources, including re-emissions from aquatic and terrestrial surfaces. A large part of these emissions are (globally) distributed via atmospheric transport, with the result that environmental consequences of atmospheric mercury are observed in areas such as the Arctic, that are far from the main anthropogenic source regions. In order to address policy-related questions relating to mitigation of mercury pollution, including international efforts aimed at establishing a global agreement on mercury, information is needed on the sources and atmospheric transport of mercury. Due to the lack of adequate (global) measurement data, indirect approaches such as compilation of emissions data and modeling air transport are important components in addressing some of these questions. Consequently, effort is directed at obtaining the best available information on anthropogenic mercury emissions and trends, and reducing the uncertainties associated with the resulting estimates. In 2009, a project was initiated to re-evaluate the available global inventories of anthropogenic mercury emissions to air. The project was coordinated by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat and implemented through contractors at the Swedish Institute for Environmental Research, IVL (Sweden); Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU (Norway); CE/W (Belgium); and Arctic Centre-University of Groningen, ACUG (Netherlands), based on support from Canada and Denmark. The main products of the project – a series of updated (and consistently constructed) emission inventories for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 – have been used to develop information for inclusion in the 2010 AMAP Assessment of Mercury in the Arctic and reports commissioned by UNEP in connection with the UNEP 2009 Governing Council’s ‘Paragraph 29’ decision. They have also been provided (in the form of geo-spatially ‘gridded’ datasets) to modeling groups in Canada (Meteorological Service of Canada, MSC), Denmark (National Environmental Research Institute, NERI) and Russia (Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East, MSC-E), and others, for use in mercury atmospheric transport modeling and investigation of source-receptor relationships, etc. Main project results are summarised in a non-technical form in Section 3, which also constitutes the description of results that has been made available to the authors of the AMAP mercury assessment report and to the authors of the UNEP ‘Paragraph 29’ report.Item Sources and Mitigation Opportunities to Reduce Emissions of Short-term Arctic Climate Forcers. AMAP Technical Report No. 2 (2008).(Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), 2008-09-01) Bluestein, J.; Rackley, J.; Baum, E."This study analyzes emissions inventories for each of the five pollutants – black carbon (BC), methane, and precursors of tropospheric ozone: nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), and carbon monoxide (CO) -- to help identify the most promising mitigation options. Due to the short atmospheric lifetime of these pollutants and near-term focus of desired Arctic impact, we used 20-year global warming potentials (GWP) to weight each emissions inventory. Based on this analysis, the greatest climate impacts on the Arctic are from black carbon and methane, with tropospheric ozone precursors having a far lesser effect." /.../Item The Impact of Short-Lived Pollutants on Arctic Climate. AMAP Technical Report No. 1 (2008).(Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), 2010-09-01) Quinn, P.K.; Bates, T.S.; Baum, E.; Bond, T.; Burkhart, J.F.; Fiore, A.M.; Flanner, M.; Garrett, T.J.; Koch, D.; McConnell, J.; Shindell, D.; Stohl, A.Arctic Council working group AMAPs 1st technical report (2008) on the Impact of Short-Lived Pollutants on Arctic Climate. Presented to SAOs at the Arctic Council's Senior Arctic Officials meeting in Kautokeino, Norway, November 19-20 2008.