Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA): Climate Change and the Cryosphere.

Abstract

"This report presents the findings of the Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA): Climate Change and the Cryosphere assessment performed by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) in close cooperation with the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), the World Climate Research Programme/Climate and Cryosphere (WCRP/ CliC) Project and the International Arctic Social Sciences Association (IASSA). The SWIPA assessment is the third AMAP assessment addressing Arctic climate issues and is a direct follow-up to the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA)1 published in 2005. The ACIA reviewed the state of knowledge regarding ongoing change in the Arctic climate and documented the role that the Arctic plays in the global climate system; it represents the benchmark against which this updated assessment of change in the Arctic cryosphere has been developed."